Government power to take private property for a public use after paying just compensation.

"Government power" includes the state, counties, cities, villages, school districts, and certain utilities or agencies that receive condemnation authority by statute. "Take" covers more than full seizure of land. It can include a partial acquisition, a permanent easement, a temporary construction easement, or a loss of access that substantially affects the property. "Public use" usually means roads, utilities, schools, parks, and similar projects, though Wisconsin law also recognizes some public-purpose condemnations. "Just compensation" means the owner must be paid the fair market value of what is acquired, plus any additional amounts required by law.

Practically, eminent domain can force a sale even when the owner refuses. In Wisconsin, condemnation procedure is governed mainly by Wis. Stat. ch. 32, and the right to take private property is limited by Article I, Section 13 of the Wisconsin Constitution. Compensation disputes often turn on appraisal evidence, highest and best use, loss of frontage or access, and severance damages to the remaining property. Some owners may also qualify for relocation payments under Wis. Stat. § 32.19.

For a claim, the details matter. A valid challenge may target public purpose, necessity, or valuation. If property is damaged or effectively taken without formal condemnation, the owner may pursue inverse condemnation under Wis. Stat. § 32.10. Deadlines and notice rules are strict, and missing them can limit recovery.